What Is the Working Principle of a Vibrating Machine?

Driving Force Behind Vibrating Machines

The vibrating machine’s operation mostly consists of an electromotive source.  With the motor running, the eccentric block attached to the shaft of the motor rotates rapidly. The rotation results in the formation of an unbalanced centrifugal force, and this force acts as the machine’s primary driving power to produce vibration. The centrifugal force can be altered by changing the block’s weight and the motor’s speed. This adjustability is relevant to the varied materials and processing requirements where consistent and effective vibration output is required in operation.

Vibration Transmission: From Source to Working Body

Once the vibration source creates centrifugal force, it must transmit this force to the machine's working body, like the screen frame of a vibratory screening machine. This transmission utilizes a purpose-built connecting structure, usually high-strength rubber or steel springs. In addition to relaying the force, the elastic vibration components improve the buffering effect of transmission. This interaction reduces vibration impact on machine fixed parts and wear elimination while smoothing the noise of operation. Consequently, the working body receives consistent and repeatable vibration patterns depending on the design of the vibration source and transmission structure.

Material Handling: Controlled by Vibration Path

As we’ve covered, material handling and processing in a vibratory machine hinged on the vibration path of the working body. Take a linear vibrating screen. In this case, the working body linearly vibrates. The materials on the screen surface are propelled upward and forward in a parabolic trajectory as the body vibrates. Meanwhile, materials that are smaller than the screen holes drop through the screen to complete the screening process. Larger materials advance forward and are discharged from the end of the screen. In a circular vibrating machine, the working body moves in a circular path. The vibration of the body makes the materials roll and slide over the working surface. This mechanism is ideal for blending materials and for primary classification. The machine design is carefully tailored to the intended application. It takes into proper consideration the particle size, density, and moisture of the material for maximum efficiency.

Energy Conversion and Control: Ensuring Stable Operation

As the vibrating machine works, there is continuous conversion of energy. An eccentric block of the centrifugal* machine vibrates and works. Energy is input to the machine in form of electrical energy. This is first mechanically converted as the rotating motor works. Then mechanically converted energy is transformed to centrifugal force, and then to vibrating energy of the working body. The machine is fitted with a control system as the conversion of energy needs to be stable to prevent energy wastage and irregular functioning. The control system auto-regulates the working voltage, the machine motor’s speed, and the working vibrating body controls the machine while the body locks in a set defined value. One parameter is fixed while the other is set to adjust. For example if the working body’s vibrating amplitude is under a set defined value range, then the control system will automatically increase the range value. This system will disturb system set parameters by centrifugal force control on the eccentric block. This will be in range to resetting vibrating amplitude.

Adjusting Vibration Settings Based on Material Characteristics

Every material type has its own unique features like size, density, viscosity, and moisture that must be considered when determining how a vibrating machine will operate. Viscous materials like wet coal and clay require a vibration amplitude and frequency to be on the higher end to avoid sticking and to facilitate free flow. Conversely, materials like flour and cement powder that have small particle size and low density will require a smaller amplitude with a frequency on the moderate range to avoid excessive throwing and dust formation. The ability to work with various materials and have different features through changing vibration source parameters and optimized working body design has made vibrating machines very useful in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and metallurgy.